All waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Apr 27, 2016 topics of discussion the place of flocculation within a water treatment process the use of coagulation and flocculation in the water industry softening separation of flocs by settling and flotation 042716 water treatment 35 36. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. Coagulation flocculation processes in water wastewater treatment. Slaughterhouse wastewater contains various and high amounts of organic matter e. Study of floc properties is essential to enhance the coagulation efficiency. Coagulation and rapid mixing coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together. Treatment of food processing industry wastewater by a. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. Electrocoagulation ec is a broadspectrum treatment technology that removes total suspended solids tss, heavy metals, emulsified oils, bacteria and other contaminants from water. It is the process of destabilizing suspended, emulsified or dissolved contaminants in aqueous medium by introducing a minimal amount of electrical current. Experiments were carried out using jar test, which is usually employed to evaluate the treatment process efficiency.
Electrocoagulation has a wide variety of wastewater treatment capabilities. The role of coagulation in water treatment sciencedirect. In order to produce an effluent suitable for stream discharge, chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation techniques have been particularly explored at the laboratory pilot scale for organic compounds removal from slaughterhouse effluent. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass. Ppt coagulation and flocculation linkedin slideshare. Pdf aeration, coagulation and flocculation processes in. Hassanien carried out investigation on physic chemical treatment of water22. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water.
Water treatment coagulation process operation and jar. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment process. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Coagulation is one of the physicochemical methods most widely used in water treatment for purification of urban and industrial wastewater. Treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater by the combination. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. On the surface of the cathode, water is hydrolyzed into hydrogen gas and hydroxyl groups. Later the romans used the coagulation process in water treatment, as did the english in the 18th century. Civil engineers are vital in the treatment and delivery of water to. The results of the effects of operating parameters on pilot scale electrocoagulation process are shown in table 3 and figures 2,3, 3,4, 4, and and5 5. These fundamentals serve as a basis for compliance with multiple treatment objectives and prepare the reader for additional detail introduced later in this manual.
Water supply system water supply system coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation flocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. Electrocoagulation in the treatment of industrial waters. The process is effective for removal of particles, suspended solids and also organic matters5. Effects of coagulation ph and mixing conditions on.
Water treatment plant wtp processes that are commonly used in getting clean potable water to your household. One property that may have a significant impact at water treatment works is characteristics of flocs, which cause a cr itical effect on solidliquid separation process mccurdy 2004. He used these methods as pre treatment to enhance the coagulation and flocculation. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. Coagulation is a water treatment process that causes very small suspended particles to attract to one another and form larger particles. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater treatment. Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling. The use of preengineered cmf package plants is a realistic possibility for new installations where water quality precludes the use of sorption treatment.
Coagulation civl 1112 water treatment coagulation and flocculation 27. Coagulationflocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. Slow sand filtration is essentially a biological process whereas rapid sand filtration is a physical treatment process. Mar 04, 2017 the process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation. Many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. What is coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment. Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Coagulation assisted microfiltration cmf uses essentially the same process described above, except that the final filtration process is accomplished using membranes. Common water treatment processes intended to remove suspended solids and reduce turbidity include.
Topics of discussion the place of flocculation within a water treatment process the use of coagulation and flocculation in the water industry softening separation of flocs by settling and flotation 042716 water treatment 35 36. Coagulation plays primary and important roles in water and wastewater treatment. The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process that provides oxygen from the atmosphere to effect beneficial changes in the raw water. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulation flocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. The coagulation flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. Flocculation,flocculation process,uses of flocculation process. The coagulation process involves the addition of the chemical e.
Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Many small private water supplies will rely on cartridge filters consisting of a woven or spun filter within a standard housing. Most published works deals with applications for treatment of drinking water and urban, industrial or agricultural wastewaters so as to enhance the simultaneous abatement of soluble and colloidal pollution. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. Coagulation chemical treatment typically is applied prior to sedimentation and filtration to enhance the ability of a treatment process to remove particles. The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process. Coagulation is especially useful in removing the chemical phosphorus from water.
Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation rapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. The process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation. Howard, rowe, tchobanoglous, environmental engineering, 2014. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment by combined chemical. Choice of water treatment process choice of treatment process depends on.
Though often used interchangeably with coagulation, it is in fact a distinct process that. The combination of 20 years of design experience and advanced. The precipitation of colloids and ions are held in the solution by electrical charges. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. As water passes through the electrocoagulation cell, multiple reactions take place simultaneously. Hassanien carried out investigation on physic chemical treatment of water 22.
He attempted improvement in the quality of town water by application of alternating current, direct current and magnetic field. Coagulation filtration arsenic in drinking water u. The aim of presented research was to optimize the treatment process of the prut river water. Coagulationflocculation sswm find tools for sustainable. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. A simultaneous removal of ammonium and turbidity via an. In fact, it was in use by the egyptians as early as 2,000 b. Worldwide, a combination of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration is the most widely applied water treatment technology, and has been used since the early 20th century. Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation.
Jun 29, 2012 the effects of applied voltage and reaction time on electrocoagulation process of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment were determined. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. The most commonly used coagulation chemicals are aluminium and iron metal salts. Coagulation is a widely applied unit process for removing particles and organic matter present in water treatment works wtw jarvis 2005. For electrocoagulation to be an effective treatment technique, the conductivity of the contaminated water must be high. In order to realize the proposed goal, there were studied the following factors which can improve the process of coagulation.
Jan 10, 2017 many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Civil engineers are vital in the treatment and delivery of water to your household. Meanwhile, electrons flow freely to destabilize surface charges on suspended solids and emulsified oils. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. Removal of turbidity by coagulation depends on the type of colloids in. Researches are needed for novel coagulants, hybrid processes and control schemes. Dec 10, 2017 key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Electrocoagulation in the treatment of industrial waters and wastewaters chemical coagulation is commonly used in raw water and wastewater treatment plants for the destabilisation of pollutants so that they can be removed in the subsequent separation processes.
Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. Civil engineers design, monitor and maintain water treatment plants and water supplies. The performance of coagulation is the major factor in improving water treatment efficiency. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water.
It is a vital part for drinking water and wastewater treatment. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Electrocoagulation in the treatment of industrial waters and. Coagulants are the chemicals that are used to removes tiny particles in water. Apr 03, 2018 coagulation is especially useful in removing the chemical phosphorus from water. Coagulationassisted microfiltration cmf uses essentially the same process described above, except that the final filtration process is accomplished using membranes.
1497 909 650 973 1554 6 1578 1196 833 565 203 798 1042 750 470 1549 786 694 938 762 1370 671 235 1186 169 95 972 1483 933 1307 1107 1127 336 810 989